Study

The name Muhammad bin Abdullah
Ancestry Father Adam ⇒ ⇒ Syits Anusy Qainan ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Mahlail Yarid Idris ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Mutawasylah Lamak Noah ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Syalih Arfakhsyadz Sam ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Abir Falij Ra'u ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Saruj Nahur Azar ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Ibrahim Ismail as Nabit ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Yasyjub Ya'rub Tairah ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Nahur Muqawwim Udad ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Ma'ad Nizar Adnan ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Mudar Ilyas Mudrikah ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Khuzaimah Kinanah an-Nadhar ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Malik Quraishi (FAHR) ⇒ ⇒ Lu Ghalib 'ay Ka'ab ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Murrah Kilab Qusai ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Zuhrah Abdu Manaf Hashim ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Abdul Muttalib Muhammad Abdullah ⇒
Ancestry Mrs. Adam ⇒ ⇒ Syits Anusy Qainan ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Mahlail Yarid Idris ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Mutawasylah Lamak Noah ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Syalih Arfakhsyadz Sam ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Abir Falij Ra'u ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Saruj Nahur Azar ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Ibrahim Ismail as Nabit ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Yasyjub Ya'rub Tairah ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Nahur Muqawwim Udad ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Ma'ad Nizar Adnan ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Mudar Ilyas Mudrikah ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Khuzaimah Kinanah an-Nadhar ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Malik Quraishi (FAHR) ⇒ ⇒ Lu Ghalib 'ay Ka'ab ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Murrah Kilab Qusai ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Zuhrah Abdu Manaf Wahab ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Aminah Muhammad
Age 62 years
Historical period 570-632 AD
Points are sent (on site) Makkah al-Mukarramah
Number of offspring (children) 7 children (3 male, 4 female)
Medina's death spot-Nabawiyah
Mentions his people Arabs
Al-Quran name is mentioned 25 times clearly

Knowingly or not, a form of God must be perceived by the human soul either dim or bright. People realize that one day he would die. This realization drove him to the question of what will happen after death, even causing people try to find peace and safety in the land of the unknown.

The perceived form of God, and the things of death, are two of the many factors driving people to relate to God and obtain certain information. Unfortunately not all men are capable of doing that. However, the mercy of God led to his choosing certain human to convey the messages of God, both for the period and a particular community and to all people in all times and places. They were given the task that called the Prophet (the messenger) and Rasul (Messenger of God).

"Not one nation (community) except have never sent him a warner" (Surah Fatir [35]: 24)

Al-Quran to the Prophet also stated that,

"We have sent prophets before thee, among them there we sent the story, and some are not we tell you" (Surah Al-Mu'min [40]: 78)

Koran explicitly mention the names of twenty-five Prophet / Apostle; eighteen of them are mentioned in the Quran surah Al-An'am (6): 83-86, the rest is obtained from various verses.

Prophet Muhammad as stated Al-Quran surah Al-A'raf (7): 158 -diutus to all mankind, and he is Khataman nabiyyin (Seal of the Prophets) (Al-Ahzab [33]: 40).

Prenatal Period
The Quran affirms that the prophets have been raised to believe his promise and defended the Prophet Muhammad

"And remember when Allah took the covenant and the Prophets, 'It is what I have given you in the form of the book and wisdom, then it comes to you a Messenger (Muhammad) that justifies you, surely you will sincerely believe in him and help him.' God said, 'Do you recognize and accept my covenant is this?' They replied, 'We recognized.' "(QS Ali'Imran [3]: 81)

Allah SWT has planned something for the Prophet Muhammad, long before his birth. Hence while experts say that the death of his father before birth, his departure to the countryside away from her mother, as well as the inability to read and write is a preparedness strategy Lord told him to be His messenger to all humanity in the future.

Other scholars even believe that the selection of certain matters relating to him is not a coincidence. For instance the month of birth, migration and death in Awwal (spring). His name Muhammad (which is commendable), his father Abdullah (servant of God), his mother Aminah (which gives a sense of security), his grandfather who holds Abdul Muttalib named Syaibah (wise old man), while helping his mother gave birth named Ash-Shifa '(which perfect and healthy), as well as the menyusukannya is Halimah As-Sa'diyah (which gracefully and lucky). Everything hinted privileges associated with the Prophet Muhammad meaning of these names has a close connection with the personality of Prophet Muhammad

Al-Quran surah Al-A'raf (7): 157 also informs that the Prophet Muhammad is essentially known by Jews and Christians. This is partly because they get (name) was written in the Torah and the Gospel (Al-Araf [7]: 157).

According to experts, the religion of Islam, which is confirmed by the Koran, can be read among others in Pertanjian Old Deuteronomy 33 verse 2:
"... That the Lord has come from Torsina, and has been published for them from Seir, he was visible with a sparkly light from Paran mountain."

Their understanding is based on the following analysis: "Mount Paran" according to the Book Pertanjian Lama, Genesis verse 21, is the son of Prophet Ibrahim -that Ismail- with his mother Hajar obtain water (Zam-Zam). This means that the place is Mecca, and thus listed in Deuteronomy above implies three light terpancarnya a divine revelation: Thur Sina a.s. where Prophet Moses, Seir where Jesus a.s. And Mecca where the Prophet Muhammad. History proves that he is the only prophet of Mecca.

Because it is also natural that Al-Quran surah Al-Baqarah verse 146 states even those that knew him (Muhammad) as they recognize their sons, even one proselyte who later converted to Islam, namely Abdullah bin Salam said, "We are more familiar with and more confident about the prophethood of Muhammad rather than the introduction and our beliefs about our children. Who knows our partner deviate."

Masa Prakenabian
There are several verses of the Quran that speak of Prophet Muhammad before his Prophethood. Among others,

"Is not He (God) not find you an orphan and protect you, and He not find hesitated, then He gave instructions to you, and He not find in a state of deprivation, then He gives sufficiency?" (Surah Al-Duha [93]: 6-8)

He was orphaned since in the womb, then nurtured and protected by his uncle and grandfather. He lives in confusion and indecision saw stand of the society, and God gave him instructions, and raised as a Prophet and Messenger. He lived in poverty because his father did not leave a legacy for him, except a few goats and other treasures that are not meaningful. But God gave him sufficiency, particularly before and during home life with his wife, Khadijah a.s.

Another verse by scholars considered talking about Prophet Muhammad in childhood, is a Nature letter Nasyrah first verse:
"Did not We (God) have paved the chest for you?"

Some scholars interpret the word nasyrah by "cutting / dissecting." Indeed, when associated with something that is material, that is to say so. When linked with something that is intangible, the word connotes open, giving understanding, confers serenity and semaknanya. That hooking up with material things found this verse speaks of "surgery" has ever been carried by the angels to the Prophet when he was a teenager. This opinion was expressed by commentators include An -Naisaburi.

But throughout the study Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, said that in one form repeated 5 times, and none of them used to the literal meaning, let alone meaningful surgery. It would be clearer if it is juxtaposed with verses that speak about the prayer of Moses a.s. in the Koran.

"O God, lapangkanlah my chest, make it easy for me my business, and deliver my tongue stiffness, so that they may understand my words" (Surah Ta Ha [20]: 25-28)

Furthermore, the Qur'an insists that the Prophet Muhammad never read a book or write a single word before the arrival of the revelation of the Quran.

"You never read any books before (Al-Quran), nor write one article with your hands, (supposing you have read and write) it would really ragulah people mengingkari- (mu)" (Surah Al- 'Ankabut [29]: 48).

This verse definitely stated that he saw was people who are not good at reading and writing. Many scholars who understand that although then the Prophet encourages his people to learn to read and write, but he himself did not do so, because Allah wanted to make him as proof that the information obtained is really not from man, but from God Almighty

There are also scholars who understand that failure is confined until he read before proved the truth of the teachings of Islam. Once the truth of Islam proved -after move to Madinah- he was good at reading. According to the supporters of this idea strengthened among other things by the word "before" contained in the above paragraph.

Indeed, the word Ummi found only twice in the Quran (Surah Al-Araf [7] 157 and 158), and both the nature of the Prophet Muhammad did two verses came in Makkah, although there are also other verses that fall in Medina stated,

"He (God) has sent to the public ummiyyin (illiterate), a Messenger from among them" (Surah Al-Jum'ah [62]: 2)

On the other hand, it should be realized that the people he was when it considers the ability to write as proof of one's weakness.
At that time writing material very rare, so that the community relies heavily on memorization. Someone who writes considered not to have the ability to memorize, and this is a drawback. Poet Zurrummah never found writing, and when he realized that there are people who saw it, he plead: "Do not tell anyone, because this (write) for us is a disgrace."

Indeed, the values ​​in society changed, so what are considered good today, may be previously considered bad. At present not as important as the ability to memorize the past, because the writing material is easily obtained.

Acquainted with Khadijah
When Muhammad reach adolescence and develop into an adult, he began studying martial arts and archery, nor with the knowledge to add to his skills in the trade. Trade became a common practice and is regarded as one of the stable income. Muhammad accompanied his uncle to trade towards the North and as soon as possible about the honesty and trustworthiness of Muhammad in carry trade business has expanded, making him credible as a sales agent intermediary merchandise residents of Mecca.
Someone who had heard about the young boy who was trusted with was a widow named Khadijah. He is someone who has a high status in the Arab tribes and Khadijah often send merchandise to various remote areas in the Arab lands. Reputation Muhammad fascinated so make Khadijah asked him to take wares in trade. Muhammad promised by him would have paid twice as much and was very impressed with his return Khadijah Muhammad with higher profits than usual.
Finally, Muhammad fell in love with Khadija later they were married. At that time Muhammad was 25 years old, while Khadijah approaching the age of 40 years, but he still has the captivating beauty. Differences in age and status are very much owned by the widow Khadijah, not an obstacle for them, because at that time the Quraish tribe has customs and culture that emphasize marriage with a girl rather than a widow. Despite their wealth grew, Muhammad remained as people who have a modest lifestyle, she prefers to distribute finances to things that are more important.

Prophet Muhammad Earned Degree
When Muhammad was 35 years old, he was united with the people of Quraish in the improvement of the Kaaba. He is also a judge between them on the laying of Hajar al-Aswad in its place. At that time he was very famous among his people with its properties are commendable. His people loved him very much, until he earned Al-Amin, which means "one who can be trusted".
Also narrated that Muhammad believes fully with the One God. He lived a very simple way and hates nature imperious and arrogant. He loved the poor, widows and orphans as well as share the pain by trying to help them. It also avoids all the usual crime among Arabs at that time, like gambling, drinking, behaving rudely and others, so that he was known as As-Saadiq which means "right".

Apostolate of Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad was born in the middle of the backward peoples who are happy with the violence and fighting and by the age of 40, she is often alone to the Cave of Hira 'cave hill about 6 km east of the city of Mecca, which was later identified as Jabal Nur. He could be days long vigil and worship there and his attitude was regarded as so contrary to Arab culture of the era and here he often thinks deeply, asking God to destroy infidelity and ignorance.
On the night of around 17 Ramadan / August 6 611, while Muhammad was long vigil in the Cave of Hira ', the Angel Gabriel came to him. Gabriel raised him and convey the revelation of God in his ear. He was asked to read. He replied, "I can not read". Jibril repeated three times asked for Muhammad to read, but the answer remains the same. Finally, Gabriel said:
Recite in the name of your Lord who created man from a clot. Read it, with the name of thy Lord the Merciful, the teaching of man by the hand (writing, reading). He taught man what he did not know. (Al-Alaq 96: 1-5)
This is the first revelation received by Muhammad. When he was 40 years 6 months 8 days according to calculations lunar year (calendar based on the moon), or 39 years and 3 months 8 days according to the calculation of the solar year (based on the solar calendar). After an incredible experience at the Cave of Hira, with a sense of fear and anxiety Muhammad went home and called on Khadija to 'cover, because he felt his temperature hot and cold alternately. After it passed, he recounts to his wife.
For more reassuring her husband, Khadija took Mohammed came to his cousin, that Waraqa ibn Nawfal, who knew a lot about the last prophet prophecies of the scriptures of Christians and Jews. Hear the story that Muhammad, Waraqah said, that he had been chosen by God to be a prophet. Then Waraqah mentioned that An-Namus al-Akbar (Angel Gabriel) has come to him, his people will say that he was an impostor, they will be hostile and fight.
Revelation came down to him gradually within a period of 23 years. The revelation has been lowered in the order given Muhammad, and collected in a book called Al Mushaf also called Al- Qur ?? n (readings). Most of its verses have clear meaning, while partly translated and linked with other verses. Most verses those that are translated by Muhammad himself through conversations, actions and approval, which is known as the Sunnah. Al-Quran and As-Sunnah are combined together is a guide and a way of life for "those who surrender to God", that adherents of Islam.

Prophet Muhammad Getting Followers
During the first three years, he had only to spread the religion limited to close friends and relatives. Most of those who trust and believe in the teachings of Muhammad are family members and members of the general public, among others Khadijah, Ali, Zaid bin Haritha and Bilal. But at the beginning of the year 613, Muhammad announced publicly Islam. Many Arab leaders such as Abu Bakr, Uthman ibn Affan, Zubair bin Al Awwam, Abdul Rahman bin Auf, Ubaidah bin Harith bin Amr Nufail converted to Islam and joined defending Muhammad. All of the first Muslims called with As-Sabiqun al-Awwalun.
Due to obstruction of the public jahiliyyah in Mecca, some Muslims were tortured, abused, excluded and ostracized. Torture almost all his followers to make the birth of the idea to emigrate (move) to Abyssinia. Negus, king of Abyssinia, allowing the Muslims emigrated to the country and protect them from the pressure of the authorities in Mecca. Muhammad, in 622 Hijrah to Madinah, a town about 200 miles (320 km) to the north of Mecca.

Prophet Muhammad's Hijrah to Madinah
There Kaaba in Mecca that had been built by Abraham. Ignorant society of various ethnic Arab pilgrimage to the Kaaba into an annual event, and they run their religious traditions in the visit. Muhammad took this opportunity to spread Islam. Among those interested in the call is a group of people from Yathrib (later renamed Medina). They met Muhammad and some Muslims of Mecca at a place called Aqabah clandestinely. After embracing Islam, they then vowed to protect Islam, the Prophet (Muhammad) and those of Islam Mecca.
The following year, a group of Islamic community of Yathrib came again to Makkah. They met Muhammad in the place where they met before. Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, the uncle who had not yet embraced Islam, was present at the meeting. They invited the Muslims of Mecca to emigrate to Yathrib. Muhammad eventually agreed to emigrate to the city.
Knowing that many Islamic societies intend to leave Mecca, Mecca ignorant society have tried to stop him, because they thought that if allowed to emigrate to Yathrib, the Muslims will get the opportunity to develop their religion to other areas. Having lasted for approximately two months, the Islamic community of Mecca eventually made it safely to Yathrib, later known as Medina or "Madinatun Prophet" (the city of the Prophet).
In Medina, the government (caliphate) Islam realized under the leadership of Muhammad. Muslims are free to worship (salat) and society in Madinah. Quraish of Makkah who know this then launched several attacks to Medina, but everything can be solved by Muslims. A peace agreement was then made with the Quraysh. Nevertheless, the agreement was later denied by the Quraysh by attacking allies of the Muslims.

conquest Mecca
In the 8th year after hijrah to Medina, Muhammad set off back to Mecca with an army of Islam as many as 10,000 people. Makkah residents are worried then agreed to surrender the city of Mecca without a fight, with the proviso Muhammad returned the following year. Muhammad agreed, and when he returned the following year he conquered Mecca peacefully. Muhammad led the Muslims to perform the pilgrimage, destroy all the idols that surrounds the Kaaba, and then a general amnesty and enforcing the rules of Islam in Mecca.

Miracles of the Prophet Muhammad
Like the previous prophets and messengers, Muhammad was given irhasat (sign) coming of a prophet, as believed by Muslims has been told in the scriptures beberapan heavenly teachings, then told also occurred during the sign in the womb, childhood and adolescence. Then Muhammad is believed to be given miracles during his prophetic.
In Islamic law, Muhammad is the greatest miracle of the Qur'an, because at that time the Arabs have a fairly high literary culture and Muhammad was an illiterate man, who is believed by Muslims impossible authored by him. Moreover, Muhammad also believed to also by Muslims ever splitting the moon during the spread of Islam in Mecca and perform Isra and Mi'raj in less than one day. Capabilities that are owned Muhammad is his intelligence on the science of monotheism.

Physical and characteristics of Muhammad
Here are depictions of Muhammad from one istinya namely Aisha, his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib, his companions, and the last person alive who was then time to see him directly, including Abu Taufik.
Ayesha and Ali bin Abi Talib has been detailing the physical characteristics and appearance of everyday Muhammad, among which are slightly reddish colored curly hair, decompose to the shoulders. Her skin was reddish-white, his face inclined round with a pair of black eyes and long eyelashes. Not the mustache and goatee along sekepalan palm of his hand.
Bone big head and broad shoulders. Her body is not too high nor too short, stocky berpostur very beautiful and fit among his people. Feathers smooth elongated body from the navel to the chest. Fingers and feet thick and tapering lengthwise.
When walking tend to be fast and never set his feet, he walked quickly and surely. When turned, he turned his face and body simultaneously. Between the two shoulders are prophetic sign and indeed he is the seal of the prophets. He was the most generous, the most tolerant, the most honest words, the most responsible and the most excellent social. Anyone associating with him will surely love.
Everyone who met Muhammad would have said, "I never seen anyone like him, either before or afterwards." That Muhammad in the eyes of the audience, which is very noble moral depicted in one verse of the Qur'an:
"And verily, you are really great virtuous character." (Al-Qalam: 4)
In a hadith narrated by Bukhari, Muhammad described as being white and black with a gray beard.
In one hadith explained the physical style of Muhammad, that he was medium-bodied, bright colored skin is not too white nor black. His hair was wavy. When Muhammad died gray hair that grows in the hair and beard still small.
Anas also said that Muhammad had a medium height, not very tall or short, well-built. When he walked very agile leaning slightly forward.
Bara'a bin Aazib said that Muhammad had a medium height, with shoulder bone field. His hair is thick, long ears to the limit.
Ali bin Abi Talib narrated that Muhammad is not high and too short. His palms and feet contains solid. It has a rather large head and powerful. Fine hairs growing on his chest and continued down to the navel. If walking, as though such moves on down (jump) from an altitude. He also added that Ali had never seen a man like among his companions after wwafatnya Muhammad.
Ali added that Muhammad had straight hair slightly wavy. Not fat and not too big, berperawak good and upright. Skin color is bright, dark eyes with long eyelashes. Joints of bones strong chest, arms and legs muscular. Does not have a thick fur but only slightly from the chest to the navel. When talking to someone, he will confront his keorang attentively. Among his shoulder no prophetic sign. Muhammad was a good man and the heart of the most honest, the most coveted, and best offspring. Anyone who approached and got along with him will be immediately honored, solemn, value and love.
Hind ibn Abi Halah get the story of Hasan ibn Ali said that Muhammad had personal precious and very great if people see it. His face shone like the full moon. He is slightly taller than the average person but shorter than a tall person. His head was bigger than the average person and slightly curly hair (wavy) a bit long to reach the ears and parted in the middle. Brightly colored skin rather wide forehead. Arched her eyebrows black and thick, between his eyebrows seem veins were throbbing when I'm emotional.
His nose was slightly curved and glossy when exposed to light and looked a bit obtrusive when I first saw it when it is not. Bearded tipit but full of flat to cheek. His mouth was, his teeth bright white and somewhat tenuous. His shoulders were nice and sturdy, like casted silver. Other limbs normal and proportionate. Chest and waist balanced by its size. Shoulder blades wide enough, the parts of his body not covered in dense fur, clean and radiant. Except fuzz that grows from the chest to the navel.
Arm and upper chest hairy. His wrist is long enough, palms rather wide and his hands and feet contain, fingers and toes pretty slim. If it runs somewhat leaning forward stepped gracefully and running quickly and frequently looking down from the above. When dealing with people so he looked at him with attentive and never stare at a person and a cool gaze. Always running a bit behind, especially if the current to travel long distances and he always greeted others first.
From the story of Jabir bin Samurah narrated that Muhammad has a rather wide mouth, her eyes look too red stripes and heel trim. Jabir (ra) also reported that he had the opportunity to see Muhammad in the moonlight, he also pay attention to the moon, for him Muhammad is more beautiful than the moon.
Abu Ishaq argued that, Bara'a bin Aazib once said, that hue Muhammad is more like a bright full moon.
Abu Hurairah that the Prophet is very good-looking, such as formed from silver. Her hair tends choppy and Abu Hurairah had never seen anyone better than and more handsome than Muhammad, the hue of his face bright as the sun and never saw the person as soon as possible. As if the ground rolled up by the steps of Muhammad if it is running. It is said that if Abu Hurairah and others trying to keep the way of Muhammad and he seemed like a leisurely walk alone.
Jabir bin Abdullah said Muhammad once said that he had seen a picture of the prophet. Among them is Moses boned slim as those of the Tribe Shannah, and saw Jesus similar to one of his companions named Urwah bin Mas'ud, and when he saw Ibrahim is said to be very similar to himself (Muhammad), then Muhammad also said that he never saw angel Gabriel similar to Dehya Kalbi. [24]
Said al Jahiri said that he had heard Abu Taufik said that at present there is no longer alive people who've seen firsthand Muhammad except himself and Muhammad had a very bright countenance and perawakanna very good.
Ibn Abbas said that Muhammad somewhat tenuous front teeth are not too tight and if bericara appear sparkling white.

Marriage of Prophet Muhammad
During his lifetime Muhammad married 11 or 13 women (there are differences of opinion on this matter). At the age of 25 years she was married to Khadija, which lasted 25 years until Khadija's death. Marriage is depicted very happy, so that the death of Khadijah (which coincides with the death of his uncle Abu Talib) is referred to as the year of sadness.
After the death of Khadija, Muhammad suggested by Khawla bint Hakim, that he should marry Sawda bint Zama (widow) or Aisha (daughter of Abu Bakr, where Muhammad eventually marry both. Then after that Muhammad recorded marry some woman again, to reach a total of eleven people, where nine of them were still alive after the death of Muhammad.
Historians, among others Watt and Esposito argues that most of the marriages was aimed at strengthening political ties (according to the Arabic culture), or provide a livelihood for widows (when the widow is more difficult to marry because culture that emphasizes marriage with a virgin).

The difference with the previous prophets and messengers
In his preaching mission, Muslims believe that Muhammad was sent by God to be a prophet for all mankind (Qur'an, 34: 28), while the only previous prophets and messengers were sent to his people each (Surah 10:47, 23:44) as like Moses who was sent by God to the Children of Israel.
While the similarities with the earlier prophets and apostles is equally teach monotheism, which is testimony that God is worthy of worship or diibadahi it is only Allah (Sura 21:25).